Diploschistes gypsaceus

Diploschistes gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr.

Thallus crustose, white-grey, episubstratic, farinose.
Reproduction: Apothecia 2-5 mm; semi-immersed in the thallus; disc blackish pruinose with a raised thalline margin. Asci 4-spored. Spores muriform, brown, ellipsoid, 25-40 x 10-17 µm; transverse septa 4-7, longitudinal septa 1-2.
Photobiont: Chlorococcoid.
Spot tests: C+ red, K-, KC-, P-, UV-.
Chemistry: Lecanoric acids. 

Habitat: On calcareous rocks, found in fissures, on rain-sheltered surfaces. 
Distribution: Abundant in areas with a Mediterranean climate or dry temperate.
Position in classification: Graphidaceae, Ostropales, Ostropomycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.

Locality data:
Ecology, geology: On calcareous conglomerates, in fissures.
Altitude: 760 m
Location: San Joan del Codolar, Camí de la Llissera. Cornudella de Montsant. Parc Natural de la Serra de Montsant (Priorat)
Climate: South Pre-Littoral Mediterranean (Tmm=12,7ºC, rainfall 615 mm)

Etymology of names: 
Diploschistes (Norman, Conat. Praem. Gen. Lich.: 20, 1852) from the Greek δίπλοσ-σχίζω, meaning "doubly divided”) we interpret that the author means that the spores have transverse and longitudinal septa, since it is detailed in the description of the species (see attached description). The epithet gypsaceus, from the Latin gypsum, from the Greek γύψος, meaning chalk.

Bibliography:
Consortium of Lichen Herbaria 
Index Fungorum
Nimis P.L., 2024. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology, (https://dryades.units.it/italic), accessed on 2024/12/22 All data are released under a CC BY-SA 4.0 licence. 

Normandina pulchella

Thallus squamulose, glaucus green, ear-shaped squamules with a sorediate prominent margin. Lower surface tomentose, White, without rhizines.

Reproduction: Mainly asexual, by soredia. Perithecia very rare.

Photobiont: Chlorococcoid.

Spot tests: Negative.

Chemistry: Zeorin.

Habitat: On mosses on old trees, in conditions of high humidity.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan, except Antarctica.
Position in classification: Verrucariaceae, Verrucariales, Chaetothyriomycetidae, Eurotiomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.

In the past was classified as a basidiolichen, and the observed perithecia attributed to the parasitic fungus Sphaerulina chlorococca. In 2010 Muggia, Gueidain an Grube, employed molecular phylogenetics and classify N. pulchella within the family Verrucariaceae.

Locality data:

Ecology: On moss on a oak tree, next to the rives Riu de Conques. 

Altitude: 900 m.

Location: Finca Bonrepòs, Gavet de la Conca (Pallars Jussà).

Climate: Western Pre-Pyrenean Mediterranean climate (Tmm=11ºC, P=700 mm).

 

 

Etymology of names: The genus name Normandina was given in honour of the Norwegian botanist and physician, Johannes Musæus Norman (1823–1903), the epithet pulchella, from Latin and means "beautiful little".  

Bibliography:

ITALIC 8.0

Consortium of Lichen Herbaria

Wikipedia

IndexFungorum

Seirophora lacunosa

Thallus fruticose, grey, terricolous, forming cushions, with broad and flattened lacinia.
Reproduction: Orange apothecia (2-11) mm, with a grey margin; thallus fragmentation.
Photobiont: Chlorococcoid.
Spot tests: Thallus K-; apothecia and pycnidia K+ purple.
Chemistry (Seirophora genus): apothecial disc, and sometimes also thallus, with parietin (major), fallacinal, teloschistin, and parietinic acid (all minor), and emodin (minor).

Habitat: Terricolous steppe, living directly on gypsum and clay soils, or at the base of plants and shrubs, also can occur as a vagrant lichen.
Distribution: Species of the arid steppes and semi-steppes, which extends from the Russian steppes to the Gobi and Negev deserts. In the Iberian Peninsula, steppes of the Ebro valley and the desert of Almeria.
Position in classification: Teloschistaceae, Teloschistales, Lecanoromycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.
 

Species included in the catalogue of autochthonous and threatened flora of Catalonia,  category ENDANGERED (EN).

Source: Google earth - Bellmunt-Almenara Natural Area

Locality data:
Ecology, geology: On soil, Plandogau soil, WRB World Soil Reference Haplic Gypsisol (Siltic); Soil Taxonomy: Gypsic Haploxerepts, Association of gypsum Haploxerepts. The soils of the Plandogau cartographic unit are very deep, well drained, of medium textures with few coarse elements. They were formed on terrigenous detrital materials rich in gypsum. They present many vermiform secondary accumulations and gypsum crystals, which give rise to a gypsum horizon.
Altitude: 275 m
Location: La Sentiu de Sió, Bellmunt-Almenara Natural Protected Area (La Noguera)
Climate: Dry Continental Mediterranean (Tmm=13ºC, P=400 mm)
 
 
Etymology of names:
Seirophora is a genus circumscribed by Josef Poelt in 1983; the epithet lacunosa from Latin “lacuna” meaning lake.

Bibliography:
Frödén, Patrik; Lassen, Per (2004). "Typification and emendation of Seirophora Poelt to include species segregated from Teloschistes Norman". The Lichenologist. 36 (5): 289–298.
Index Fungorum https://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=487872
Nimis P.L., 2024. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology, (https://dryades.units.it/italic), accessed on 2024/07/13. for all. All data are released under a CC BY-SA 4.0 licence. https://italic.units.it/index.php?procedure=genuspage&ID_genus=349
Poelt, J. (1983). "Musterbeispiele analoger Lagerdifferenzierung bei Flechten: Almbornia, Speerschneidera, Seirophora gen. nov" [Exemplary cases of analog differential storage in lichens: Almbornia, Speerschneidera, Seirophora gen nov.]. Flora, Regensburg 174 (5/6): 439–445.

Diploschistes muscorum

Thallus crustose, white-grey, episubstratic, often starting the development on squamules of Cladonia.

Reproduction: Apothecia 1-2 mm; semi-immersed in the thallus; disc blackish pruinose with a raised thalline margin. Asci 4-spored. Spores muriform, brown, ellipsoid, 18-35 x 6-18 µm; transverse septa 4-6, longitudinal septa 1-2 per transverse segment.

Photobiont: Chlorococcoid.
Spot tests: K+ yellow to red, C+ red, KC-, P-, UV-.
Chemistry: Diploschistesic and lecanoric acids (both major).
Habitat: Terricolous, starting on Cladonia squamules, then in mosses and finally on carbonate soils. Photophile.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan, Mediterranean in open habitats, temperate and polar regions and extending to high altitudes in the tropics.
Position in classification: Graphidaceae, Ostropales, Ostropomycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.  

Locality data:

Ecology, geology: On Cladonia squamules. Soil WRB World Soil Reference W52B (Calcaric Leptosol i Calcaric Skeletic Leptic Regosol); Soil Taxonomy: Typic xerorthents, formed from chalk rocks and the deposits from their weathering; little edaphic development.
Altitude: 549 m.
Location: Guixera de la Creu, Argençola (Anoia).
Climate: Central Littoral Mediterranean (Tmm=13ºC, 538 mm)

Etymology of names:
Diploschistes (Norman, Conat. Praem. Gen. Lich.: 20, 1852) from the Greek δίπλοσ-σχίζω, meaning "doubly divided”) we interpret that the author means that the spores have transverse and longitudinal septa, since it is detailed in the description of the species (see attached description). The epithet muscorum, is the genitive plural of the Latin “mūscus”, meaning moss.

Source: Nyt magazin for naturvidenskaberne, 1853.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8152386#page/242/mode/1up

Source: Flora carniolica exhibens plantas Carnioliae indigenas et distributas in classes, genera, species, varietates, ordine linnaeano. Tom. II. ; Editio secunda aucta et reformata. http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=983&Pagina=398

Bibliography:

Consortium of Lichen Herbaria https://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=52885&clid=1079
Index Fungorum https://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=418987
Nimis P.L., 2024. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology, (https://dryades.units.it/italic), accessed on YYYY, MM, DD. for all. All data are released under a CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.
https://italic.units.it/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=905

Diploschistes diacapsis

Thallus crustose, white, thick and lax, with convex and verrucose and pruinose areoles.

Reproduction: Apothecia 2-5mm; punctiform, urceolate to lecanorine, open at the end, with radiale striated margin and concave black disc. Asci 8-spored. Spores muriform, with 3-6 transverse and 1-2 longitudinal septa, first hyaline then turning green-brown, broadly ellipsoid, 20-40 x 9-17 µm.

Photobiont: Chlorococcoid.
Spot tests: K- or K+ yellow to red, C+ red, KC-, P-, UV-.
Chemistry: diploschistesic and lecanoric acids and orsellinic acid (minor).
Habitat: On carbonate soils or gypsum outcrops, in dry meadows. Also, in thymes on clay soils.
Distribution: Arid and semi-arid regions of all continents.
Position in classification: Graphidaceae, Ostropales, Ostropomycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.

Locality data:
Ecology, geology: On soil, W28C Petric Calcisol and Haplic Calcisol.
Altitude: 242 m
Location: Tossal de Montllober, Massalcoreig-Seròs (Segrià)
Climate: Dry Continental Mediterranean (Tmm=15-16ºC, 337mm)
  

Source: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8152386#page/242/mode/1up

Source: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44219615#page/371/mode/1up

Etymology of names:

Diploschistes (Norman, Conat. Praem. Gen. Lich.: 20, 1852) from the Greek δίπλοσ-σχίζω, meaning "doubly divided”) we interpret that the author means that the spores have transverse and longitudinal septa, since it is detailed in the description of the species (see attached description). The epithet diacapsis, from the Greek διακαψής. We have not found the explanation for this designation in the bibliography, δια means "through" and κάψής could be derived from κάμψα meaning "box".

Source: http://linnaeus.nrm.se/botany/kbo/flyttas/ach/tz/l1626.html.en

Mariano Lagasca (1776–1839), was a Spanish botanist, writer and doctor. He was the director of the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid. Lagasca sent Erik Acharius samples of lichens that he considered of interest, as is the case of a sample of Diploschistes diacapsis that has been designated as the lectotype of the species.

Bibliography:

• Fernández-Brime, S., 2012. Els líquens saxícoles i terrícoles del Parc Natural de Cap de Creus, amb un estudi filogenètic aplicat a la sistemàtica dels gèneres Diploschistes i Ingvariella.
• Index Fungorum https://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=1621
• Lumbsch HT. The Identity of Diploschistes Gypsaceus. The Lichenologist. 1988;20(1):19-24. doi:10.1017/S0024282988000052
• Nimis P.L., 2024. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology, (https://dryades.units.it/italic), accessed on YYYY, MM, DD. for all. All data are released under a CC BY-SA 4.0 licence. https://italic.units.it/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=902
  
• Roux C, et al. 2020, Catalogue des lichens et champignons lichénicoles de France métropolitaine. 3e édition revue et augmentée (2020). Édit. Association française de lichénologie (AFL), Fontainebleau, 1769 p.

Kurokawia runcinata

Synonym: Anaptychia runcinata
Thallus foliose, brown and green-olive when wet, forming rosettes to 10 cm diameter. Lower surface pale to brown, with simple brown rhizines.

Reproduction: apothecia.
Photobiont: chlorococcoid.
Spot tests: negative.
Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Habitat:  hard siliceous rocks near the coast.
Distribution: Mediterranean at Atlantic.
Position in classification:
Physciaceae, Caliciales, Lecanoromycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.

 

Locality data:
Ecology, geology: Diorites, Carboniferous-Permian
Altitude: 750 m
Location: Paratge Natural d'Interès Nacional de Poblet (Conca de Barberà)
Climate: Continental Mediterranean (Tmm=11,7ºC,  600mm)
 
 
Etymology of names:
Kurokawia was named in honour of Japanese lichenologist Syo Kurokawa (1926-2010), for his work in the Anaptychia genus.
Anaptychia, derived from the Greek ἀναπτύσσω, meaning "fold back, turn inside out") and runcinata is a Latin adjective in the nominative singular, feminine gender, derived from Latin word “runcinatus” meaning “having a lacerated aspect with the projection pointing away from the apex, like dandelion leaves”.

Anaptychia ciliaris

Thallus subfruticose, grey-brown, green when wet; with characteristic marginal cilia. Lower surface white.

Reproduction: apothecia; black often pruinose disc, with a crenulate and smooth thalline margin.
Photobiont: Chlorococcoid.
Spot test: negative.
Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Habitat:  growing mainly on trees, also on rocks in open sites. In Catalonia, in the montane zone.
Distribution: Africa; Europe, Asia, North America.
Position in classification:
Physciaceae, Caliciales, Lecanoromycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.

Locality data:
Location: Vilella, Navès (Solsonès)
Ecology: On Quercus faginea
Altitude: 1.190 m
Climate: Subhumid Continental Mediterranean (Tmm=13,5ºC, 600mm)
 
Common name: "great ciliated lichen" and "eagle's claws".
 
Etymology of names: Anaptychia, derived from the Greek ἀναπτύσσω, meaning "fold back, turn inside out") and ciliaris is a Latin adjective in the nominative singular, masculine gender, derived from Latin word “cilium” meaning “an eyelash”.
 
Ethnolichenology: Biomonitoring, indicator of low polluted air.