Chaenotheca chrysocephala

Thallus crustose, epiphyte, bright yellow coarse ecorticate granules.
Apothecia frequent, stalked and pin-like, 0.6-1.3 mm tall. Stalk 0.04-0.08 mm thick, brown, with a yellow pruina at least in the upper part.
Asci cylindrical, 14-19 x 2-3.5 µm; Ascospores 1-celled, brown, uniseriate, short ellipsoid to globose, 6-9 x 4-6 µm, with a coarse and irregular ornamentation.
Photobiont Trebouxia.
Spot test negative.
Chemistry: thallus and apothecial pruina with vulpinic acid.
Habitat: 
On bark and wood of conifers and more rarely on deciduous trees. Mountain and subalpine areas.
Distribution: Boreal-temperate from Europe, Asia, North and Central America, Australasia. 
Position in classification: Coniocybaceae, Coniocybales, Incertae sedis, Coniocybomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. 

Locality data:
Location: Bon Repòs, Gavet de la Conca (Pallars Jussà)
Ecology: On the base of a trunk of Pinus sylvestris.
Altitude: 1,060 m
Climate: Eastern Pre-pyrenean Mediterranean (Tmm=11,0ºC, P=750 mm)

Blastenia ferruginea

Crustose epiphyte, thallus white-grey, 5cm across, black prothallus. Apothecia biatorine, abundant 0.5-2 mm diameter, disc and margin rust red.
Distribution: Worldwide.


Asci 8-spored, ascospores 2-celled, polarilocular, hyaline, 12-17 x 7-10 μm, septum 6-7 μm. 
Thallus: K-, apothecia K+ red; apothecia margin C+ purple in section.



Position in classification: Teloschistaceae, Teloschistales, Lecanoromycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.
Locality data:
Location: Bosc de Bosoms, Guixers (Solsonès)
Ecology: On a twig of Quercus pubescens.
Altitude: 836 m
Climate: Eastern Pre-pyrenean Mediterranean (Tmm=10,0ºC,  850 mm)


Ochrolechia parella

Crustose saxicolous, epilithic, white-ochre, thallus thick, 30cm across, white prothallus. Apothecia lecanorine, abundant ,2-3 mm diameter, disc withe pruinose, on siliceous rocks.
Distribution: Subcosmopolitan, absent in Easter Europe.



Position in classification: Ochrolechiaceae, Pertusariales, Ostropomycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.

Ascospores hyaline, 1-celled, 45-75x 25x45 µm.
Cortex: K-, C- or C+ yellow, KC+ yellow, P-; disc of apothecia C+ red, KC+ carmine red; UV+ white.

Locality data:
Ecology, geology: granit, exposed rocks near the beach.
Altitude: 3 m
Location: Cala Sa Riera, Begur (Baix Empordà)
Climate: North Mediterranean Littoral (Tmm=15.7ºC, AT=15ºC, 650 mm)
Common name: Parelle; Crab-eye Lichen; Orseille d'Auvergne.

Cladonia mediterranea

Terricolous, <12 cm diameter, globular/columnar. Primary thallus crustose, evanescent. Podetia ecorticate, hollow inside.

Spot tests: P-, K-, UV+ pale blue.

Chemistry: usnic and perlatolic acids.

Synonyms: Cladina mediterranea.

Family: Cladoniaceae.




Locality data:

Ecology: On acid soil, with mosses, very humid environments.

Altitude: 460 m.

Location: Serralada Litoral Natural Park – Òrrius (Maresme).

Climate: Littoral Mediterranean (Tmm=13ºC ΔT=16ºC, 700 mm).

Common name: Reindeermoss.

Included in the red list of lichens of Catalonia, with the VU vulnerable classification.

Bagliettoa marmorea

Crustose saxicolous, thallus endosubstratic with pink pigments, on limestone and conglomerate rocks, in environments without eutrophication.
Synonyms: Verrucaria marmorea
Distribution: Europe and Norh America.
Position in classification: Verrucariaceae, Verrucariales, Chaetothyriomycetidae, Eurotiomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.
Perithecia black 0.2-0.3 mm, without involucrellum, immersed in the thallus, leaving deep pits in the rock when they fall off. Asci 8-spored; ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid 13-30x9-15 µm. 
Asci 8-spored; Ascospores dark-brown, 3-5 transversal and 1–2 longitudinal septate, 18-30x8-12 µm.
Thallus K+ dark blue green.
 
Locality data:
Ecology, geology: Calcareous outcrops of Mesozoic.
Altitude: 1450 m
Location: Rock climbing route. Montsec d’Ares, Cap de Ras – Serrat Alt, Paret de Sant Miquel. Àger (Noguera) Via Flipp Natural (220m, MD+)
Climate: Mediterranean continental (Tmm=8, 700 mm)
Common name: not known.



Lobaria pulmonaria

Foliose, thallus strongly reticulated, pale brown, bright green when wet, sorediate and/or isidiate. Medulla white, often with internal cephalodia. Apothecia rare, brown-red disc with thalline margin.






Family: Lobariaceae
Distribution: worldwide, mainly occurring in the Northern Hemisphere. In old, humid and unpolluted deciduous forests.


Locality data:
Location: L'Artiga de Lin, Val d'Aran (Lleida)
Ecology: Epiphyte on bark and mosses; on Fagus sylvatica.
Altitude: 1475 m
Climate: Oceanic (Tmm=5ºC,  1200 mm)
Common name: Lungwort, lung lichen.
Included in the red list of lichens of Catalonia, with the VU vulnerable classification.

Cetraria muricata

Fruticose, thallus forming shrubby tuffs, like Cetraria aculeata but smaller and delicate, and with branches more circular. 
Thallus brown, glossy, branches terete, spinulose. Pseudocyphellae punctiform, flat to depressed, poorly visible. Apothecia very rare.
Family: Parmeliaceae
Distribution: From the Boreal region to the mountains of the Mediterranean area.



Locality data:
Location: Laguarres Castle, Capella (Huesca)
Ecology: On soil (WRB World Soil Reference: Cambisols, on conglomerates).
Altitude: 1060 m
Climate: Cooler sub-Mediterranean continental (Tmm=11ºC,  700mm)
Common name: Roughened Iceland lichen